1877 - 1898 - Growth, Transformation & Gilded Age

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Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Gilded Age?

Not quite. The wealth of a few hid the poverty of many. Government corruption was also rampant. Social classes were highly unequal despite the efforts of reformers.

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Another name for the technological revolution in the late 19th century:

Not quite. The Second Industrial Revolution, based on steel, railroads, electricity, and petroleum products, followed the First Industrial Revolution of the 18th century.

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Two major objectives of late 19th century public schools were ______ and ______.

Not quite.Instruction in public schools focused on culture and literacy to Americanize immigrants. Catholic schools formed to resist cultural change, including Protestant religious instruction found in public schools. Many late 19th century Catholic schools taught students in their native language instead of English.

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Which of the following was not a major reform movement in the late 1800s?

Not quite. Child labor, temperance, civil service reform, women's rights, and education, were all among the late 1800 reform movements.

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__________ were the result of ambitious business leaders taking control of key markets during the second industrial revolution.

Not quite. Entrepreneurs took risks and made innovative changes that decreased production costs but allowed for the rise of monopolies (single sellers). New technologies supported the concentration of entire markets into a few well-capitalized (wealthy) hands.

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The Transcontinental Railroad _______________.

Not quite. The Transcontinental Railroad linked the East and West coasts by 1869. This enormous economic contribution had been anticipated for many years by the time of its completion.

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Many urban white Protestants of the late 19th century sought to:

Not quite. The Social Gospel, espoused and implemented most noticeably by many urban Protestants, was the fire to the reform movements that addressed civil service, public education, settlement houses, labor, and temperance.

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Which of the following labor unions was founded by purely skilled workers?

Not quite. The American Federation of Labor was a skilled craft union led by Samuel Gompers. This elitist group was distinguished by its realistic and simple goals.

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Which statements are true about late 19th century U.S. westward migration? 1. It was a demographic shift. 2. It left land unsettled. 3. Homestead Act was a push factor. 4. It caused Indian conflicts.

Not quite. The entire U.S. Population shifted westward, closed off any unsettled areas, and resulted in Indian conflicts. The Homestead Act (1862), which granted public land to settlers, was a pull factor.

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During the Gilded Age, all the presidents except Grover Cleveland were ___________.

Not quite. Excepting Grover Cleveland, every president from the end of the Civil War until Woodrow Wilson's election in 1913 was a Republican.

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The _________ of 1887 was intended to help Indians transition from reservations to private land ownership (common among whites) and to protect Indian property rights.

Not quite. Congress passed the Dawes Act to protect and Americanize the Indians. Individual Indians were given farms and an eventual promise of citizenship.

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Which of the following was a factor that led to passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Not quite. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first immigration restriction. It was a response to weak economic conditions and opposition to the culture of Chinatowns, which concentrated Chinese male laborers.

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What business policy did Congress support during the technological revolution?

Not quite. The free enterprise system ("laissez-faire") called for no government interference in industry. Congress and courts supported patent protection.

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Which of the following was not an effect of late 19th century immigration to the U.S.?

Not quite. Most immigrants were unskilled workers who found work due to America's industrialization. Illiteracy was a social ill that reformers sought to fix through public schooling and settlement houses.

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What was the goal of the civil service reform movement?

Not quite. The civil service reform movement fought against the ethnic political machines that ran large cities. Some states adopted civil service exams to combat the spoils system whereby unqualified (and sometimes illiterate) persons obtained city jobs.

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What regions were affected most by the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush?

Not quite. When newspapers reported a "land of gold," many people migrated to Canada and Alaska.

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The late 19th century Populist party mainly consisted of ________.

Not quite. The Populist third party movement united former Union farmers in the mid-west with southern farmers. They fought to protect farmers and the agriculture business.

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Which of the following was not a goal of the Populist party?

Not quite. The Populist party wanted to increase money circulation (mint silver, print greenbacks) to reduce the value of the dollar (deflation is good for debtors). They supported government regulation or ownership of railroads and banks to protect them from monopolies.

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Which regions of the U.S. did William Jennings Bryan win in the presidential election of 1896?

Not quite. Jennings represented the Democratic Party and lost to William McKinley. The support of farmers caused him to win the electoral votes of the South and West, excluding California and Oregon.

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Which of the following is not an example of private actions taken to destroy Plains Indians?

Not quite. Greedy and/or fearful and/or hateful individuals and small groups tried to isolate and destroy the Indians. Army troops sent by the U.S. government sometimes protected Indians and sometimes fought them.

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